Madhu Limaye v Sub-Divisional Magistrate

• Madhu Limaye, a political leader, challenged an order under S.144 CrPC passed by the Sub-Divisional Magistrate prohibiting assemblies and processions in the entire district.
• The order was passed in anticipation of political agitation but did not specify any material facts or reasons for apprehending breach of peace.
• The petitioner contended that the order was a blanket prohibition amounting to an arbitrary exercise of power.

1. Whether an order under S.144 CrPC is amenable to judicial review.
2. What are the essential requirements for a valid order under S.144?
3. Whether a blanket order covering an entire district without specific material facts is valid?

• Orders under S.144 CrPC are justiciable and subject to judicial review under Art.226 and Art.32.
• A valid order under S.144 must satisfy these requirements:
• Must be based on material facts demonstrating urgency
• Must state the material facts in the order itself (not merely the conclusion)
• Must be directed at a specific situation, not a general apprehension

S.144 CrPC (S.163 BNSS) confers extraordinary preventive power that impinges on fundamental rights. Judicial review ensures that this power is exercised only in genuine emergencies, based on material facts, and proportionally to the threat. Mechanical or blanket orders are unconstitutional.